An electrostatic generator is used to produce sparks as shown below.

The belt carries negative charges to the dome, making it negatively charged. Before a spark is produced, the discharge ball becomes positively charged.

Describe and explain the movement of electrons in the discharge ball and in the conducting rod as the ball becomes charged.

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The electrons in the discharge ball and in the conducting rod moves downwards through the conducting wire, and to the ground.
Electrostatic charging by induction occurs in the ball and rod as they are placed near to the negatively charged dome. Like charges repel, causing the negatively charged electrons in the ball and rod to move away from the dome, escaping through the conducting wire to the ground.