Describe four differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.

1. The monomers used in addition polymerisation contain at least one carbon-carbon double bonds in each molecule while the monomers used in condensation polymerisation contain functional groups at both ends of its molecular structure.

2. Addition polymerisation produces only a single product, the addition polymer while condensation polymerisation produces two products, the condensation polymer and a small molecule, usually water.

3. The empirical formula of the addition polymer is the same as the empirical formula of the monomer while the empirical formula of the condensation polymer is different from the empirical formula of the monomer(s).

4. In addition polymerisation, there is no loss of atoms from the monomers during the polymerisation process. In condensation polymerisation, there is loss of atoms from the monomers during the polymerisation process.

Why does copper turn green after some time when exposed to the atmosphere?

Copper reacts with oxygen in the air to form a copper(II) oxide coating.
2Cu (s) + O2 (g) –> 2CuO (s)
Copper(II) oxide reacts with moist carbon dioxide to form a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) hydroxide. The green copper(II) carbonate causes the green appearance of copper.
2CuO (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) –> CuCO3 (s) + Cu(OH)2 (s)

The mixture of copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) hydroxide forms a protective coating, preventing further corrosion of copper underneath the coating.
Whereas in the corrosion of iron or steel, the coating of rust (hydrated iron(III)oxide) flakes off easily, exposing the iron/steel underneath, causing corrosion of iron/steel to continue until the whole piece of iron/steel is corroded to iron(III)oxide.

Describe, with the help of chemical equations, the reactions in the blast furnace which lead to the production of molten iron.

Coke reacts with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide.

C (s) + O2 (g) –> CO2 (g)

Coke then reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide.

C (s) + CO2 (g) –> 2CO (g)

Carbon monoxide reduces haematite to form molten iron and carbon dioxide.

Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) –> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)