- Temp 300 deg C
- Pressure 60 atm
- Catalyst: Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4
Category: Combined Chemistry
List the conditions for hydrogenation of alkenes.
- Temp 200 deg C
- Catalyst: nickel
List the conditions for substitution reaction of alkanes.
Presence of UV light.
List the conditions for catalytic cracking of long chain alkanes.
- Temp 600 deg C
- Catalyst: aluminium oxide or silicon (IV) oxide
Write down the general formula for: alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids.
Alkane: CnH2n+2
Alkene: CnH2n
Alcohol: CnH2n+1OH
Carboxylic acid: CnH2n+1COOH
List the percentage composition of air.
- Nitrogen (78%)
- Oxygen (21%)
- Carbon dioxide (0.03%)
- Noble gases (less than 1%, mainly argon)
- Water vapour (variable)
Describe the test for nitrate ions.
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and aluminium foil into a sample of the solution, and warm gently. If a pungent colorless gas is produced, which turns damp red litmus blue, it shows the presence of nitrate ions.
Describe the test for hydrogen gas.
Insert a lighted splint into a test tube of the gas. If the lighted splint is extinguished with a ‘pop’ sound, it shows the presence of hydrogen gas.
Describe the test for Cu2+ ions using aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Add a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide into a sample of the solution, followed by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide in excess. If a blue precipitate forms which is insoluble in excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide, it shows the presence of Cu2+ ions.
Perfumes
